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Nutrition & Product Information
Diabetes Mellitus & Dairy Food Consumption
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
People with Type 2 diabetes are in the majority of the population with this disease. Type 2 diabetes has a diverse genetic origin as shown in Table 3. The disorder is managed by diet, physical activity and sometimes oral hypoglycemic drugs. The disease can progress to the point where daily insulin supplements are required. The secondary consequences of heart disease, renal disease, etc. that are features of type 1 diabetes are also features of type 2 diabetes. However, because the person with type 2 is diagnosed much later in life, these secondary consequences will also develop later in life than in the person with type 1 diabetes. Often diabetes is recognized in an individual hospitalized for coronary vessel disease or some other diabetes-related medical condition. The American Diabetes Association estimates that there are a number of people with diabetes who are not identified and whose disease is not managed for optimal health.
Not all people having a diabetes genotype will actually express the diabetes phenotype. Much depends on the lifestyle choices (amount and type of food intake and daily physical activity). It is estimated that there are twice as many people with the type 2 diabetes genotype as with the phenotype. However, this is changing. As more people become overweight and then obese, the number of people with a diabetes genotype that subsequently phenotype as a diabetic either with or after obesity development will rise. As this occurs, the percentage of the population with the genotype but not phenotype will fall. Here is an example of the interaction of diet and one or more diabetes genes. Here too, is a scenario that might be manipulated. Through weight management (maintaining energy balance such that the individual does not have excess fat stores) and through maintenance of an active lifestyle, the person with the diabetes genotype might never express the diabetes phenotype. In addition, there may be certain dietary constituents that may be particularly active with respect to the phenotypic expression of the diabetes genotype. Studies in rodents have suggested that this may occur and these results may be applicable to the human.
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