1. Phillips, S.M., J.W. Hartman, and S.B. Wilkinson. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 24: 134s, 2005.
2. Campbell, W.W.  Nutr. Rev. 65: 416, 2007.
3. Campbell, W.W., and H.J. Leidy.  J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 26: 696s, 2007.
4. Wolfe, R.R.  J. Nutr. 136: 525s, 2006.
5. Wolfe, R.R.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84: 475, 2006.
6. Hayes, A., and P.J. Cribb.  Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 11: 40, 2008.
7. Doherty, T.  J. Appl. Physiol. 95: 1717, 2003.
8. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber,
   Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, D.C.: The National Academy Press, 2005.
9. American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association, and Dietitians of Canada. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32: 2130, 2000.
10. Phillips, S.M.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 31: 647, 2006.
11. Evans, W.  J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 23: 601s, 2004.
12. Morais, J., S. Chevalier, and R. Gougeon.  J. Nutr. Health Aging 10: 272, 2006.
13. Biola, G., K.D. Tipton, S. Klein, et al.  Am. J. Physiol. 273: E122, 1997.
14. Rennie, M.J., H. Wackerhage, E.E. Spangenburg, et al.  Annu. Rev. Physiol. 66: 799, 2004.
15. Tipton, K.D., and R.R. Wolfe.  J. Sports Sci. 22: 65, 2004.
16. Burke, D., P. Chilibeck, K. Davison, et al.  Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 11: 349, 2001.
17. Tipton, K.D., E. Borsheim, S.E. Wolf, et al.  Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284: E76, 2003.
18. Tipton, K., T. Elliott, M. Cree, et al.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36: 2073, 2004.
19. Tipton, K.D., T.A. Elliott, M.G. Cree, et al.  Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292: E71, 2007.
20. Cribb, P., A. Williams, M. Carey, et al.  Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 16: 494, 2006.
21. Cribb, P., and A. Hayes.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38: 1918, 2006.
22. Cribb, P., A. Williams, C. Stathis, et al.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39: 298, 2007.
23. Cribb, P.J., A.D. Williams, and A. Hayes.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39: 1960, 2007.
24. Paddon-Jones, D., M. Sheffield-Moore, C.S. Katsanos, et al.  Exp. Gerontol. 41: 215, 2006.
25. Tipton, K.D., A.A. Ferrando, S.M. Phillips, et al. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 276: E628, 1999.
26. Miller, S.L., K.D. Tipton, D.L. Chinkes, et al.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35: 449, 2003.
27. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page, 2007. www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl
28. Ha, E., and M.B. Zemel.  J. Nutr. Biochem. 14: 251, 2003.
29. Layman, D.K.  J. Nutr. 133: 261s, 2003.
30. Shimomura, Y., Y. Yamamoto, G. Bajotto, et al.  J. Nutr. 136: 529s, 2006.
31. Blomstrand, E., J. Eliasson, H.K.R. Karlsson, et al.  J. Nutr. 136: 269s, 2006.
32. Layman, D.K., and J.I. Baum.  J. Nutr. 134: 968s, 2004.
33. Layman, D.K., and D.A. Walker.  J. Nutr. 136: 319s, 2006.
34. Norton, L.E., and D.K. Layman.  J. Nutr. 136: 533s, 2006.
35. Garlick, P.J.  J. Nutr. 135: 1553s, 2005.
36. Boirie, Y., M. Dangin, P. Gachon, et al.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 14930, 1997.
37. Dangin, M., Y. Boirie, C. Garcia-Rodenas, et al.  Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 280: E340, 2001.
38. Dangin, M., C. Guillet, C. Garcia-Rodenas, et al.  J. Physiol. 549: 635, 2003.
39. Schaafsma, G.  Curr. Topics Nutraceutical Res. 4(2): 113, 2006.
40. Elliott, T.A., M.G. Cree, A.P. Sanford, et al.  Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38: 667, 2006.
41. Wilkinson, S.B., M.A. Tarnopolsky, M.J. MacDonald, et al.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85: 1031, 2007.
42. Hartman, J.W., J.E. Tang, S.B. Wilkinson, et al.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86: 373, 2007.
43. Fouillet, H., F. Mariotti, C. Gaudichon, et al.  J. Nutr. 132: 125, 2002.
44. Bos, C., C.C. Metges, C. Gaudichon, et al.  J. Nutr. 133: 1308, 2003.
45. Zemel, M.B.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79: 907s, 2004.
46. Zemel, M. B., W. Thompson, A. Milstead, et al.  Obes. Res. 12: 582, 2004.
47. Sun, X., and M.B. Zemel.  Lipids 42: 297, 2007.
48. Morens, C., C. Bos, M. Pueyo, et al.  J. Nutr. 133: 2733, 2003.
49. Lacroix, M., C. Bos, J. Leonil, et al.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84: 1070, 2006.
50. Luiking, Y.C., N.E. Deutz, M. Jakel, et al.  J. Nutr. 135: 1080, 2005.
51. Tang, J.E., J.J. Manolakos, G.W. Kujbida, et al.  Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32: 1132, 2007.
52. Willoughby, D.S., J.R. Stout, and C.D. Wilborn.  Amino Acids 32: 467, 2007.
53. Esmarck, B., J.L. Andersen, S. Olsen, et al.  J. Physiol. 535(Pt.1): 301, 2001.
54. Paddon-Jones, D.  J. Nutr. 136: 2123, 2006.
55. Houston, D.K., B.J. Nicklas, J. Ding, et al.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87: 150, 2008.
56. Lord, C., J.P. Chaput, M. Aubertin-Leheudre, et al.  J. Nutr. Health Aging 11: 383, 2007.
57. Koopman, R., L. Verdijk, R.J.F. Manders, et al.  Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84: 623, 2006.
58. Fujita, S., and E. Volpi.  J. Nutr. 136: 277s, 2006.
59. Katsanos, C.S., H. Kobayashi, M. Sheffield-Moore, et al.  Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291: E381, 2006.
60. Rieu, I., M. Balage, C. Sornet, et al.  J. Physiol. 575: 305, 2006.
61. Rieu, I., M. Balage, C. Sornet, et al.  Nutrition 23: 323, 2007.
62. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005. 6th Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, January, 2005. www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines

RELATED RESOURCES
www.nationaldairycouncil.org/wheyprotein

• Advertorial
• Client Education Tool
• Whey Protein FAQ
• Research Update
• Emerging Health Benefits of Dairy Proteins. Dairy Council Digest 77(4), 2006.
• Emerging Health Benefits of Whey. Dairy Council Digest 74(6), 2003.

www.usdec.org

• Cribb, P.J. Sarcopenia and whey proteins. Applications Monograph, 2006.
• Cribb, P.J. U.S. whey proteins in sports nutrition. Applications Monograph, 2005.

www.wheyproteininstitute.org

 Coming Next Issue: FUNCTIONAL DAIRY FOODS: MAKING HEALTHY EATING EASIER

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

National Dairy Council® assumes the responsibility for this publication. However, we would like to acknowledge the help and suggestions of the following reviewers in its preparation:

• Wayne W. Campbell, PhD
  Professor, Department of Foods and Nutrition
  Purdue University
  West Lafayette, IN
  
• Stuart M. Phillips, PhD, FACN
  Associate Professor, Department of
  Kinesiology-Exercise Metabolism Research Group
  McMaster University
  Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

The Dairy Council Digest® is written and edited by Lois D. McBean, M.S., R.D.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Copyright © 2008, NATIONAL DAIRY COUNCIL,®
O’Hare International Center, 10255 West Higgins Road,
Suite 900, Rosemont, IL 60018-5616.